1964: Harvard Lab for Computer Graphics Founded by Howard Fisher

Developed and Shared GIS Software:

• 1964, SYMAP: Fortran Libraries Lineprinter Output,
• GRIDThird Generation Programming"
• ASPEX: Three-Dimensional Visualization"
• 1978, ODYSSEY: Topological predessessor to ArcInfo,
• 1980s, Cool Research: Less focus on consumer software

GIS-Oriented Regional Planning Studios since 1967 DelMarva Studio

Influential Faculty and Alums

• Steinitz and Dangermond
• Lawrie Jordan, Dana Tomlin, Scott Morehouse, David Sinton

For a much more detailed view of this history, see the forthcoming book, How Computer Mapping Became GIS at Harvard By Nicholas Chrisman, forthcoming from ESRI Press